P_10433_1636 – Thomas King of Stamford Hill
Born: 1748
Died: 1824

Thomas King (c. 1748-1824), London merchant and slave-owner, originally a slave-ship captain and then a major London slave-trader, in partnership in Calvert, Camden & King with Anthony Calvert (q.v.) and others, with 57 recorded voyages in which he was owner or co-owner. His testimony to the 1789 Committee on the Slave Trade shows him as going first to Africa in 1766 as second mate on the Royal Charlotte and gives accounts of all his 9 slaving voyages as crew or captain. He later acquired significant plantations and hundreds of enslaved people in Demerara and Essequibo. He appears to have been the London slave-trader who made and kept the most wealth, leaving £120,000 in personalty in 1824. His son and heir William left £140,000 in 1861, which the following generation appears to have dissipated. Thomas King, tried for murder in 1776, exemplified the social mobility offered by the slave-trade, from modest provincial origins in Yorkshire to elite mercantile status.
Title: /
First name: Thomas
Middle name: /
Last name: King
Aliases: /
Primary cohort: London
Sex: Male
Religion: /
Social background: /
Primary outcome: /
Political Affiliation: /
Relations
No information
Political Offices Held
No Information
Bankruptcies
No Information
Geographic experiences
Africa
Crew member and then master of slave ships in the 1770s.
Internal migrant: Yes
Born in Yorkshire, son of Newark King
Foreign born: No
Supplier to slave trade voyages: Don't know
Creditor to slave trade voyages: Don't know
Philanthropy: Don't know
Plantation owner: Yes
Major slave-owner and mortgagee of enslaved people in Demerara and Essequibo.
Sources: Abridgment of the Minutes of the Evidence: Taken Before a Committee of the Whole House..to Consider the Slave Trade (1789) Vol. I p.66 https://www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/person/view/2146638587 PROB 11/1681/303
Other Individuals
No information
Organisations (1)
Lloyd's of London
Role: Member
Crossings (63)
78078 - Surry (1771 - 1772)
Role: Captain
77232 - Venus (1775 - 1775)
Role: Captain
77094 - Juliet (1777 - 1777)
Role: Captain
77088 - Harriot (1776 - 1776)
Role: Captain
83957 - Venus (1795 - 1796)
Role: Owner
83956 - Venus (1794 - 1794)
Role: Owner
83955 - Venus (1792 - 1793)
Role: Owner
83953 - Venus (1791 - 1791)
Role: Owner
83952 - Venus (1790 - 1790)
Role: Owner
83951 - Venus (1788 - 1789)
Role: Owner
83950 - Venus (1787 - 1788)
Role: Owner
83948 - Venus (1784 - 1785)
Role: Owner
83947 - Venus (1783 - 1784)
Role: Owner
83903 - Union (1794 - 1795)
Role: Owner
83902 - Union (1793 - 1794)
Role: Owner
83900 - Union (1791 - 1792)
Role: Owner
83899 - Union (1790 - 1790)
Role: Owner
80889 - Commerce (1794 - 1795)
Role: Owner
80888 - Commerce (1790 - 1790)
Role: Owner
80887 - Commerce (1789 - 1790)
Role: Owner
80728 - Camden (1780 - 1781)
Role: Captain
80346 - Argus (1807 - 1808)
Role: Owner
80343 - Arethusa (1801 - 1801)
Role: Owner
80199 - Allison (1806 - 1806)
Role: Owner
80198 - Allison (1803 - 1805)
Role: Owner
80099 - Africa (1799 - 1800)
Role: Owner
80098 - Africa (1797 - 1798)
Role: Owner
80041 - Admiral Colpoys (1807 - 1807)
Role: Owner
80040 - Admiral Colpoys (1804 - 1805)
Role: Owner
80039 - Admiral Colpoys (1801 - 1802)
Role: Owner
78811 - Ferret (1770 - 1771)
Role: Captain
83648 - Surprize (1792 - 1793)
Role: Owner
83647 - Surprize (1791 - 1791)
Role: Owner
83627 - Star (1791 - 1792)
Role: Owner
83601 - Spy (1795 - 1797)
Role: Owner
83303 - Reimsdyke (1802 - 1803)
Role: Owner
83302 - Reimsdyke (1801 - 1802)
Role: Owner
83296 - Recovery (1786 - 1788)
Role: Owner
83257 - Queen (1794 - 1795)
Role: Owner
82755 - Minerva (1807 - 1807)
Role: Owner
82754 - Minerva (1805 - 1806)
Role: Owner
82753 - Minerva (1804 - 1805)
Role: Owner
82752 - Minerva (1802 - 1803)
Role: Owner
82751 - Minerva (1801 - 1802)
Role: Owner
82587 - Mary (1794 - 1794)
Role: Owner
82586 - Mary (1791 - 1792)
Role: Owner
82585 - Mary (1790 - 1791)
Role: Owner
82584 - Mary (1789 - 1790)
Role: Owner
82582 - Mary (1805 - 1806)
Role: Owner
82581 - Mary (1804 - 1804)
Role: Owner
82580 - Mary (1802 - 1803)
Role: Owner
82108 - Juno (1796 - 1796)
Role: Owner
82054 - John (1787 - 1789)
Role: Owner
82052 - John (1785 - 1786)
Role: Owner
81737 - Harriott (1806 - 1806)
Role: Owner
81482 - Fly (1795 - 1796)
Role: Owner
81481 - Fly (1794 - 1795)
Role: Owner
81479 - Fly (1792 - 1792)
Role: Owner
81478 - Fly (1790 - 1791)
Role: Owner
81477 - Fly (1788 - 1789)
Role: Owner
81341 - Experiment (1794 - 1795)
Role: Owner
81337 - Experiment (1791 - 1792)
Role: Owner
81335 - Experiment (1789 - 1790)
Role: Owner
Birth
Date: 1748
Location: /
Death
Date: 1824
Location: /
Burial
Date: 26/01/1824
Location: Bath (Somerset)
Memorial details: /
Christening: /
Knighthood: /
Baronetcy: /
Peerage: /
Residencies
Occupation: Merchant – West Indies
Schools
No Information
Universities
No Information
Inns of Court
No Information
Military training
No Information
Imperial positions
No Information
Apprenticeships
No Information
Livery company affiliations
No Information
Other business activities
No Information
Was slave trading profitable: Yes
Will
Value of Total Personalty: £120,000
Value of Known Legacies (where material to total estate): /
Occupation: /
Town/City: /
Courts: PCC
Under his will, Thomas King left £100 each to Trinity House and to the Foundling Hospital of which he had been a governor 'for many years', and monetary legacies of £100-£1000 to friends and nephews and £2000 to an Eliza Sarah Hunter [possibly a natural daughter] 'late at school at the misses Exeter in Cumberland Street.' He named his sons as Anthony Calvert and Henry (to each of whom he left £18,000), George (to whom he left £4000), Thomas Harper and William, the latter two among his executors. The will shows Thomas King's father as Newark King. He had settled £10,000 on his son Thomas Harper King on the latter's marriage to Elizabeth Catherine Hall, and provided that the balance he had not already advanced be paid; and he directed £6000 be added to the £8000 he had settled on his daughter Sarah Amelia ahead of her marriage to Thomas Pendawes Smith surgeon of Stoke Newington in 1815. He left £12,000 in trust (the trustees were his sons William and Thomas Harper King) for the benefit of his son George with discretion for the trustees as to how to dispense it and sanctions (the loss of the capital) on George if he was declared bankrupt. All the legacies were to be paid five years after his death, and bear interest until then. He left an annuity of £1500 p.a. to his wife Sarah, with the use of his house at Stamford Hill. His residual legatee and trustee was his son William King, who inherited the Friendship, Sarah and Schoonhoven or Schoonhaven ['Clean Harbour'] estates in Essequibo or Demerara together with the enslaved people attached to them. In a series of codicils Thomas King reflected the death of his son-in-law Thomas Pendawes Smith and made provision for his widowed daughter Sarah's children (Sarah Amelia Smith remarried, to Godfrey Greene Downes, in 1824).
Legacies
No information
No information